Vocabulary · Free lesson
TOEFL Reading: check both conditions in a notice
A workshop is open to current students who have completed the online orientation. A student card alone does not show that orientation is complete.
Professor Scott MendozaThe short answer
If a notice requires A and B, check A and B separately. Meeting only one is not enough. If a fact is missing, do not assume it is true.
Turn one sentence into two checks.
Read the entire restriction: current student + completed orientation. The first describes the group; the second adds a required step. And means both, while either A or B would offer an alternative. Use only what the notice and question tell you.
Compare the examples
Open to current students who have completed the online orientation.
Lena is a current student and has completed orientation.
Sam is a current student but has not completed orientation.
Meets the stated conditions is not the same as already has a reserved place. Read any booking instruction separately.
Build the meaning step by step
Check the group
current student?
Check the required step
orientation completed?
Try it now
Check the notice carefully
Read all answers and explanations
Read: “Current students who have completed orientation may book.” Who meets both conditions?
Lena: current student; orientation completed.Lena meets the group and completion requirements. Sam lacks completion; Jo is not current.
Read: “Eli has completed orientation.” Current enrollment is not stated. What can you conclude?
More information is needed about current enrollment.One condition is known; the other remains unknown.
Read: “Eligible students must reserve a place online.” Lena meets both conditions but has not booked. Which statement is supported?
Lena still needs to reserve a place.Eligibility does not complete the separate reservation step.
Put it into practice
Keep both requirements in a summary
Notice: “The study room is available to club members who have booked a time slot.” Correct the summary.
Anyone who is a club member or has booked a time slot can use the room.
See a model answer
Users must be club members and have booked a time slot.
A shorter summary must not weaken the original restriction.
A little more clarity
Common questions
A few useful details before you move on.
Is missing information the same as failing a condition?
No. Unknown means the text does not let you decide. Do not turn missing information into either a confirmed yes or a confirmed no.
Enrollment status: not stated.
Does and mean that either condition is enough?
No. In this notice, both conditions are required. Check each one separately before deciding whether the person qualifies.
Applicants must be enrolled students and attend the orientation.
Take it into your day
Both means both; an unknown fact is not a yes.
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